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Monthly market snapshot

Mixing up the way I do the monthly report a bit. In addition to the normal information about the absorption rates and where activity is as of a certain date, I have also included a two-year summary of price changes in each area. Hope that you all find this interesting, and as always, if you have questions, reach out to me, either via phone or email.

Without further ado, the monthly inventory in each market is showing from as low as 1.13 months, to as high as 3.56 months depending on the area. The area with the most inventory however, is actually showing as such due to the abundance of new construction exposed as “to be built”. This means the properties are not immediately available. Since I have run this data in the same manner consistently, I am carrying on with including all market exposed properties through the MLS, but Saline is not as saturated as it appears at first blush.

The market overall is undersupplied, with most areas around two months or less. Since this data includes every listing and sale within each school district, for submarket data, it does not apply. It is useful in measuring where activity is, but as always, you have to look at the market segment in which a property operates.

Based on the contract to listing ratios (CTLR on grid), the greatest activity is in Lincoln school district, followed by Ypsilanti and then Ann Arbor. The areas that are showing as leaning towards a buyers’ market are Manchester and Dexter. Saline is tilting towards a balanced market. Chelsea, Whitmore Lake, Lincoln, Milan, Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor are in seller’s market territory again.

It looks like spring may have sprung.

What about changes in price over time? Again, this is larger market data, not specific to any particular submarket section. These are arrayed by school district, and each data point is one-years’ worth of data at a time, moving forward in a monthly manner. This eliminates seasonality and is useful in seeing more nuanced changes. Looking at this information, it is easy to see that Dexter increased, but there is a decline over the past couple of months. Stability in pricing is seen in Chelsea, Saline, Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti based on the trend lines over the last four or so months. Prices have increased across the board in the past two years but also have slowed or even declined in places. Still, in comparison with two years ago, we are increased on the macro market segments.

If I take this information and put it on an easy to read grid and it is easy to see that over a two-year period, most of the markets are in the double-digits in increases, however the past year was not so kind to Manchester, Dexter, Saline and to an extent, Ann Arbor. The increases in these areas were smaller, and in some cases, negative. The largest increases in the past year were found in Milan, Ypsilanti and Whitmore Lake. This makes sense when observing the median prices, which are lower in those areas, with the outlier being Manchester. My take on this is that as some markets have become expensive for the average buyer, they have moved into different, lower priced markets, which are putting pressure on increases in those areas.

I am continuing to observe our market on every appraisal I develop and communicate. Markets can change quite rapidly, and each market will have a number of submarkets within it. All of this information is presented in a broad manner for ease of reading. All information is culled from the Ann Arbor Area Board of Realtors MLS and is assumed accurate.

Vernon Downs

Situated north of Scio Church Road and south of Avondale, on Ann Arbors West Side, Vernon Downs is a long popular development built in several phases between 1955 and 1965 by George Airey. The houses are well-built, and a mixture of ranch, split-level, capes and colonials. The majority of houses are ranch style, between 1,200 and 1,400 sqft in size. The oldest parts of the subdivision along Winsted, Sanford, Weldon and Waverly are primarily smaller ranches with varying degrees of off-street parking including carports, detached, attached, and no garages. The later part of the development along the west side, towards Maple Road (Waltham, Agincourt, Covington, and others) have more mixture and larger houses, with attached garages standard. The primary school is located on the northwestern side of the subdivision, and the area high school is less than one mile east across Seventh.

The Ann Arbor Area Board of Realtors no longer retains hardcopy MLS books, but does retain fairly robust data back to 2005, and in some instances earlier. Doing a search for the word “Vernon” in the legal description of all sales found online, and then restricting these to ranch style only, it is easy to track movement in price over time, including the Great Recession that hit Ann Arbor as well as the nation in general. The first graph shows price reductions for individual sales over time. This was included as price reductions are a leading indicator of a changing market. Using this information, it was clear that price reductions had started in 2005-06, and that they had increased in number between 2007 and 2010, then a second spike in 2012.

The next data run was related to net sales price over time, showing increases at a significant level over the past few years, and the largest dip in prices here between 2009 and 2010.

Because there were varying size houses in the mix, and because the neighborhood is spread out in phases with the newer larger houses tending to sell at higher prices, price per square foot was also run. This data also shows a dip in prices in 2009 and 2010.

Because there were so many sales using this method (204 in total), it was also broken out year by year, and finally comparing current activity in the neighborhood using the same criteria of “Vernon” and ranch style houses. This is displayed in average price over time, as median and averages were largely similar.

In observing this data, what is particularly noted is that right now, there is only one active and one property under contract, but both are lower priced than the past two years sales. Of course, the contracted property is smaller than the averages and likely in the older section, but it is worth noting.

Using the data above on a yearly run, It is easy to see how the list price to sales price ratio widened over time to a low point in 2005 (too few sales) and 2010, and rose over 100% in 2016 and 2017. So far, 2018 is lower, just over 97%. Part is likely due to the increasing prices however. Again, this could be a bellwether indicator of a market in transition.

Average sales price over time shows a decline from 2004 to 2005, but again there were too few sales in the MLS at that time to be meaningful, and an increase slightly in 2006 and 2007, followed by a decline to a low point in 2009. Because markets are very location specific, this is very interesting to observe, as the condominium study that was completed last week showed a decline in prices starting in 2005. Those condominium properties are on the southwest side of Ann Arbor, only a couple miles from Vernon Downs. It actually makes a lot of sense to see rates of decline and increase at different times, because so much of what we see related to price fluctuation can be related to supply and demand. In areas with ample supply, the market may change at a greater rate, and at an earlier time. The average sales price per square foot ratio is much the same as the average price ratio, so is not posted in addition, but there is a leveling of price per square foot noted between 2017 and 2018.

For the real estate professionals reading this blog, how does the current market “feel” to you? Does it feel like a normal winter slowdown, particularly with some early cold snaps we have had, or are the interest rates and price increases over the past couple of years perhaps taking a toll? Probably none of us can pin this down at the moment, but it is worth watching what is going on with the market, particularly the properties that are on the market and not going to contract, the price reductions, and the list prices of the contracted listings.

Hope everyone had a great Thanksgiving, and be safe out there!

Rent versus buy?

Real estate social media shows a constant narrative about the benefits of owning a property versus renting. This brief synopsis addresses how this is not always true.

In real estate, it is location, location, location. What is true in one area may not be true in another, and renting is not always more expensive than owning. So many articles that compare ownership versus renting costs do not account for the necessary set-asides that have to be factored into homeownership. They do not address the flexibility of renting; meaning that if someone is still in an upward career trajectory, they may not want to be tied down to a property. They do not factor in what could happen if markets change and prices move downward. Of course, values could continue to rise and rents could continue to increase, so each person considering owning versus renting needs to consider their own unique needs, as do the professionals assisting them.

To make a comparison, look at the most recent rentals within a series of condominium complexes, and compare them with the most recent sales. The data is segmented into three different unit sizes and uses the rental cost versus the cost of ownership with a 20% down payment and 4.5% interest rate. Many buyers are not going to have the 20% down payment, so the cost would be higher, as the loan payment would increase not only by the amount of the mortgage, but with the added cost of private mortgage insurance (PMI).

The above table shows rents between $1,400 and $1,700 per month. The yellow highlighted properties are the ones that are compared to cost of ownership, as there were sales of the same models available in the same period.

The next chart shows the sales, with the stated homeowners association fees and monthly tax burden, plus what a 30-year, 4.5% interest rate mortgage at 80% loan to value would equate to. The “total” column is the mortgage plus taxes and HOA. Insurance is not factored in as it is variable. These stated taxes were largely incorrect however, as they were the seller’s taxes, not the taxes that the buyer would be paying once the property reset to the State Equalized Value as opposed to the lower Taxable Values.

Factoring in the reset to taxable values for the properties that were highlighted above shows a different scenario. In this scenario, the actual tax burden was added, plus a 10% set aside for repairs and upgrades, and a “true total” comparison made. Because the 1,126 sqft unit was renting for $1,500 per month, the difference is only $1 per month in savings. The 1,376 sqft units showed a better buffer of between $76 and $140 per month, but the larger 1,382 sqft unit would have been more expensive to purchase than rent.

It bears repeating that the data above factors 20% down payment, and not everyone who is looking at renting versus buying, has these resources. Not every situation is the same, and it is very important to look at each case individually to make comparisons between renting versus owning. Although national data can be enticing to make a case that one is better than another, it is not the case in every situation.

Consult your local professionals for advice related to what works best for your situation.

The boomerang

Condominium developments offer a perfect opportunity to measure what has occurred in the market over time. Ann Arbor has four condominium developments that are adjacent to each other, built in rapid succession between 1991 and 2000 by the same builder. They have largely similar floor plans and amenities. Although the properties within the developments vary somewhat, they are not too varied for comparison purposes. The only exception to this being properties that have attached garages. The units on that street were eliminated from the study to retain better consistency. In total, 506 sales were used to conduct this market study.

In short, this particular market has boomeranged and is now higher than it was at the apex pre-crash.

The Ann Arbor Area Board of Realtors MLS retains data robustly to 2005/06 at this point, but there is still information available online in some instances as early as 1998. Running a map search of the developments turned up sales as far back as 1998, which offered an ideal dataset to show trends in this market over a longer period of time than normal.

The data above shows that the number of listings retained do increase in 2005, but there were sufficient sales prior to that to show the run up in prices between 1998 and the peak around 2004 for these condominium units. The trend towards declining prices is clear by 2006, and the lowest point of the market is between 2010 and 2011.

If sales are arrayed by average and median price per year, the differences become much starker. Bear in mind, that the data up through 2002 was spotty, but trends can still be determined, showing the height of this market in 2004, starting a decline in 2005, and then rising again starting in 2012. The blue bar is the average price and orange bar the median prices. While the mortgage crises were largely said to have started in 2008, in the Ann Arbor market, the decline was evident much earlier, easily seen with the data below.

This is another example of why national trends cannot be used uniformly, and why each market has to be looked at on a local basis, even hyper-local. This is because condominium properties do not necessarily move at the same rate as single unit properties. Different price ranges may have different market trends, and different property types different market trends. Trends can also reverse quite quickly, therefore paying close attention to current activity is important.

There are currently 11 condominium units on the market in these developments, with three under contract. The average asking price of the units available is currently $200,025 while the median asking price is $196,950. The average asking price of the units under contract is $194,617 while the median is $194,000. This indicates preference to the lower prices in general.

What is particularly interesting in this data, is that only three of eleven are under contract, meaning the contract-to-listing ratio is 27.27%. That is stable market activity. In the past twelve months there were 30 sales (excluding the garage unit street), meaning that there were 2.5 sales per month, so the eight remaining units not under contract would be expected to absorb in 3.2 months, again a balanced market. The interesting piece of this puzzle is that the average sales price of these 30 sales was $202,037 and median sales price was $195,500, with list prices a fraction higher.

If the units that are under contract have lower asking prices than the previous twelve months sales, are we starting to see a shift occur again? After all, the properties on the market, and particularly those under contract, are leading indicators of where the market is going. Couple that with supply of over three months, and normal contract-to-listing ratios, and the market could be showing softness above the normal autumn slow-down.

Affordability in Chelsea Fairways

Affordability and rising prices

We have seen rapid price appreciation from recent market lows in 2007-10 in this particular submarket. Rising prices are great for sellers, but are they good for buyers? How do the increasing prices affect affordability?

Chelsea Fairways is a newer subdivision on the southeast side of Chelsea in Michigan. It has had a handful of developers active over the years, with the initial sales starting in 2002 and stalled around 2006 when the market slowed down locally. The final build out was completed in 2016 by a different builder, but throughout, the housing stock remained similar in quality and scope. Arraying the sales by price less concessions, it is easy to see how the bottom of this market was towards the 2008-10 period, with rapid increases from 2014 through 2017.

Other than completing the build-out of the development, not much has changed in the subdivision. The houses remain similar, the housing stock has aged somewhat, but the area is well maintained and continues to be a popular subdivision.

How do the increases in price affect affordability? We hear arguments about how the low interest rates made payments much lower, allowing buyers to stretch their housing dollars, but interest rates have been increasing slightly over the years based on the data found through Freddie Mac (see link below) which references historic interest rates by month.

One sale sold and resold a few times during this period, and is a good indicator about how payments would change over time with the hypothetical same buyer, with 20% down payment and prevailing interest rate for the time. In June 2012 the house sold for $226,200 and had taxes equivalent to $427 per month. Interest rates showed as 3.68% at that time. In May 2017 it sold for $335,000 and taxes of $493 per month. Interest rates showed at 4.01%. In July 2018 it sold for $359,000 and had taxes of $480 per month. Interest rates showed at 4.53%.

Based on the old rule of 28% housing-debt to income ratio, the following tables shows how the increasing interest rates and mortgage payment, increases the amount of income necessary to afford the same house. Although the 28% rule no longer applies, it is relevant in gauging changes in affordability. The same house purchased today would have an increase of almost $500 per month compared to six years ago. Does the typical buyer have the additional $500 per month to spend on mortgage payments, and would it affect the amount they could set aside for eventual needed repairs on the house? The increase in the properties sales price in six years was 58.71%. The rise in property payments over the same period was 54.25%. Have incomes increased over 50% in six years?

Of course, this example may be extreme, but since the sale was recent, and it sold several times over the past six years, it was germane. Interest rates rose, taxes declined slightly from the 2017 to 2018 period, making the payment a bit less than would otherwise be expected. In 2012, most of the houses sold were in the mid $200,000’s. There were a few REO sales that brought median and average lower, but the five non-distress sales had an average price of $236,274, therefore the sale used as a test was in the range of the others. In 2018 there were five sales with an average price of $372,300, also indicating an increase of over 57% in that same period.

Is this type of increase, coupled with the increasing interest rates and increasing taxes (for the most part) partly responsible for the current slowdown we are seeing? Is it just that we are entering a traditionally slower time of year? I do not have a crystal ball for the future, but throw out the question about affordability, since most people I know did not have a 50% increase in income over the past six years that would be what is needed to afford the same house.

Historic interest rates found through the following website:

http://www.freddiemac.com/pmms/pmms30.html

Saline MI market trends

While the market appears to be moving at breakneck speed in parts of the country, even in some of the most popular markets, it is not exactly so. Changes occur constantly, with submarkets having different appeal at different times.

The data below is that of my community, Saline MI, just south of Ann Arbor. Although the data presented does not break out submarkets within Saline, what it does is break out by price range. I could have expanded the price range above the $501,000 mark, but chose to keep it at this level for simplicities sake. The way the data reads is as follows:

The chart shows the number of total active listings, then those under contract, one years’ worth of sales, and supply compared to the past year. Finally, it shows the Contract-to-listing ratio (CTLR) of percent of properties on the market that are under contract. This is relevant as it gives an overall pulse of what is happening in the market, with 20% or less being a buyers’ market based on my experience, and over 35% a seller’s market. I have run these in price ranges as shown below, and have been tracking occasionally to see any changes. This particular grouping is interesting because what we are seeing is the early spring market, the height of the market, the early fall market, and now the late fall market. I will keep running these types of studies throughout the year to see if we have changes that start to happen, but what I am seeing from this is the expected slow-down as we head into winter.

Comparing March to June, the rate of absorption overall has increased and inventory in general has increased. The price range between $201,000 and $300,000 showed a slight slow down in absorption, while anything over $301,000 showed an increase in activity.

Compare early fall to late fall and the market again is changing, with the CTLR dropping and showing more balance. The greatest absorption has generally been in the $401,000-$500,000 range based on this information, with the exception of the current activity in the under $200,000 range. In both of these cases, over $501,000 is much lighter absorption in general.

We have gone from 34.58% CTLR in March, to 41.29% in June, then 29.35% in September and 28.88% as of today. That is for the entire Saline market, with different price ranges showing different absorption rates depending on when the data was run.

What does this all mean? Long and short is that it shows how the markets change as far as activity based on the time of year, as well as in what particular price ranges the market is hottest at each one of these periods. It shows that although the market may be “hot” in one segment, another may be quite cool. Of course, this is by price range as opposed to an actual submarket, but the logic behind it remains the same.

Hope everyone finds this interesting. If you have any questions about appraisals in the Washtenaw County market and beyond, please let me know. Feel free to visit my website at https://annarborappraisals.com for the types of services provided and the coverage area.

Data culled from the Ann Arbor Area Board of Realtors MLS

Dissolution appraisal reports

Appraisals for marital dissolution

There are many reasons to obtain a professional valuation on your property. One of the most difficult and sensitive reasons is for marital dissolution. Since the marital home is normally one of the most valuable jointly held assets, taking on an appraiser to do the work should never be done lightly.

As in all appraisal reports that are completed, utmost care should be taken in considering factors that influence the value of the property. Knowledge of the local market, including understanding supply and demand, absorption into the market, and pulse within the subject’s submarket is very important. Equally important is an understanding of buyer preferences in the submarket which the property operates within. For example, if the market expects two full bathrooms but the property has only one, how does that affect the value as well as the marketability of the property? If buyers expect a three-car garage in newer homes, but the subject has only two, does it change the buyer pool altogether? Is the market slowing; is it increasing; are buyers out in droves looking at properties or are they pulling back and waiting? These are some of the types of questions appraisers examine as they study the market related to the appraisal report.

The written communication, the appraisal report.

When we think of the word “Appraisal”, we often think of the communication of the appraisal. The appraisal is actually the act or process of developing that opinion of value. What you, the consumer, will see, is the “Report”. The report is the communication of the appraisal (or appraisal review), which is transmitted at the completion of the assignment. As a party who is not typically reading appraisal reports on a daily basis, the communication should be addressed in a manner that is clear, understandable and not misleading. This means that jargon should be minimized, or if used, explained. It means that there may be no need to provide a mile-high analysis of the nation’s economy, but stick with specifics that relate to the property itself. Of course, it is important to discuss what is happening with the market, but for a single-unit residence, what is happening in California will not be relevant to what is happening in Ann Arbor, in most cases.

The report should contain enough information that, you the client, can understand completely how the appraiser arrived at their opinion of value, whether or not you agree with that conclusion. Sometimes clients will not agree with the conclusion, but it is critical that they understand the logic and reasoning behind it.

There are many steps that are taken to arrive at an opinion of value, and to communicate that opinion in a manner that is clear and understandable. Choosing an appraiser to handle this very important piece of the dissolution problem should be done with care. Your attorney should have suggestions for whom to use. If you are not working with an attorney, consult those who do see appraisal reports with regularity such as REALTORS, loan personnel, and other appraisers. In fact, one of the best ways to hire a competent professional to handle this sensitive need, is to ask other appraisers whom they would recommend. Time and again, a couple names will surface. Interview those appraisers and go with whom you feel most comfortable. Other avenues of finding competent appraisers is to search appraiser databases from different appraisal organizations. The Appraisal Institute has the Find an Appraiser search function found here The Relocation Appraisers and Consultants has a directory search found here , and the American Society of Appraisers has a search section here.

Fees and turn times.

Every appraiser sets their own fee schedule and turn time for completing assignments. Considering the time that is involved in properly identifying the problem to be solved (which includes the different factors that influence value), determining what is necessary to solve the problem, implementing those processes, and then communicating the findings, do not expect the appraisal report to be an inexpensive part of the dissolution process. Given the hourly rate of most attorneys, expect to pay somewhere between two and five hours of your attorney’s fee for the appraisal report itself, and an hourly rate for any testimony that is needed in the event of a court or deposition appearance. If the marital home is the greatest asset that is jointly owned, this is a small price to pay for peace of mind of a job well done.

Changes over time

One of the reasons an appraisal value is a point date, is that markets are fluid. What happens today, may not happen in the future, and likely did not happen in the past.

The image below is a chart of four different price segments, as well as the overall market for Saline Michigan. It is run by price ranges (not the way we appraisers do our analysis, but relevant in measuring where the activity lies). This data is over a six-month period, with three data runs in March, June and September. What shows is an increasing inventory overall, and currently lower concentration of listings that are under contract. The June market data showed the highest absorption of the listings into the market, but we expect that since the summer months are most active. The lowest absorption is shown at present, which is also expected as the market softens most often after the height of the summer.

Saline has consistently had a lack of inventory for less than $200,000, but as of 9.21.18, there were three offerings of single-family properties (not including condominiums) for less than that. The number of active listings has increased across the board, but the most active markets continue to be between $201,000 – $400,000 based on this information. It does show a sharp drop off over $300,000 in the most recent data run. Meanwhile supply builds in the $401,000-$500,000 range. This is likely due to numerous “to be built” properties being input into the MLS in this price range. Throughout this data set, the market over $500,000 has shown balance to an oversupply based on the number of available properties for sale.

The reason for a point date, is that markets change. The evidence is easily seen here, with the supply and demand factors changing between each data run. The current information shows the market is slowing in terms of absorption, and the amount of inventory overall. The caveat of course, is that each of these price segments is different, and some are staying level as far as inventory and absorption (mainly the $201,000-$300,000 range), while others are changing rapidly. If an appraiser were to value a house at $350,000 in March, there would be very little competition based on this information. If it were in June, the competition would also be limited, but if it came on the market today, there would potentially be 20 other properties competing. This does change the dynamics of the appraisal analysis, even if it only relates to how long it is expected to remain on the market.

When markets are sizzling hot, there are few listings operating as competition for a property. When markets cool, listings become ever more important as part of the analysis. Understanding what is happening as far as supply and demand in the market is critical, and should be part of any appraisal. Knowing where the subject property stands in terms of the competition is part of the analysis.

Please feel free to contract me for any of your appraisal needs in local market. My website address is https://annarborappraisals.com and you can contact me here by email.

September Washtenaw County Snapshot

Snapshot of the market for 9/1/18

pexels-photo-164359

How are we faring in Washtenaw County as far as market absorption?

A quick run of the Ann Arbor Area Board of Realtors MLS data for single family properties (includes duplicate listings due to multiple board insertions) shows mixed trends. To read the chart below, the data is arrayed by area, the number of prior closed sales in the last year, supply based on these sales (only includes available properties), total number of listings, those that are reporting as available, those under contract, and the contract to listing ratio.

9.1.18 snapshot

I have found the contract-to-listing ratio (CTLR) the most meaningful in measuring how a market is faring, and consider anything under 20% to be a buyers’ market, between 21-34% balanced, and over 35% as a sellers’ market. Based on this information three markets are showing as sellers’ markets, those being Lincoln, Milan and Ypsilanti. Ann Arbor and Chelsea are tilting towards a sellers’ market, and Manchester, Dexter and Saline are showing balance.

Based on the total number of sales in the past year, compared to what is currently available, Lincoln, Milan and Ypsilanti again are all showing less than two months of inventory, which helps support the thesis of a sellers’ market in these areas. Ann Arbor has less than three months inventory, while Chelsea, Manchester and Dexter are showing around 3.5 months in general. Saline shows close to five months’ worth of inventory, but my suspicion is that much of this relates to a larger number of “to be built” offerings in Saline as there are a number of new subdivisions under construction that are inputting offerings into the MLS. This may be the case as well in Ann Arbor and Chelsea, where new subdivisions are underway.

As we head into the fall, and new school year, the markets tend to slow down, and there is evidence based on this larger data, that this is the case with some areas. Of course, this information is “macro” data in that it includes each entire school district as opposed to the sub-markets within each one. I plan on running this type of information monthly for this blog, so we can compare how markets track over time. Please feel free to share the information gathered, and if you want to subscribe to my email distribution list, let me know, or sign up to follow my blog at https://annarborappraisal.blog//. I am always available to chat or assist with your appraisal needs.

Observe, Analyze and Report – in that order

The more things change, the more they remain the same. We still need to pay attention to our analysis of both sales histories and listing histories for our subject properties and comparable sales.

scales

Observe, Analyze and Report- In that Order
By Maureen Sweeney, SRA, AI-RRS and Rachel Massey, SRA, AI-RRS

Appraisers have always faced objections and challenges to their reports as soon as they leave the office. Some are preventable, such as typographical errors or taking a photograph of the wrong comparable property- after all, we are only human. Others are out of the appraiser’s control, such as a foreclosure or a loan repurchase of a property we appraised.

When a loan is repurchased, the Government Sponsored Entity (GSE) or lender may turn to the original appraisal to evaluate its accuracy and verify that the observations made during the time of inspection were correctly documented. They may look to see if the contract, market conditions, prior sales history and other observations were analyzed, and that those observations, analyses and conclusions were communicated in a manner that was not misleading. Many of us are great at documenting what we see at a property as well as communicating these observations in our appraisal reports. Unfortunately, many appraisers are not as strong at analyzing data and are uncertain of what needs to be addressed, particularly as it relates to prior sales of the subject and the comparable properties included in the report.

To analyze something is to examine and interpret it. For the appraiser, it is the analysis of the data that we collect, examine and interpret. Appraisers need to report their analysis clearly and accurately to prevent future problems; “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” Remember, most of our clients are not mind readers and may need to be walked through why there was a price increase or decrease to the subject or one of the comparable properties.

Most residential appraisers whose work is exclusively mortgage related, work mainly with the Fannie Mae Uniform Residential Appraisal Report (URAR, Form 1004), Individual Condominium Appraisal Report (Form 1073), and/or the Small Residential Income Property Appraisal Report (Form 1025). While these three forms appear to be very different, they have many similarities. Each is tailored to a specific residential property type but each includes a Scope of Work, Statement of Assumptions, and Limiting Conditions. We are all so busy that it is easy to forget what is in the Certification that we sign with each report. As such, it is a good practice to read the pre-printed certification and limiting conditions pages occasionally. This is because each time we sign our report we are confirming that we have completed the items listed on those pages.

Analyze This
There are pressures that appraisers face daily, including time pressure, ever-growing engagement letters that require all kinds of additional details and information, and the constant battle for reasonable fees. Many of us have developed language and statements that help us save time in writing appraisal reports. One thing that boilerplate and drop-down menu statements cannot help us with is data analysis. This is one timesaving corner we cannot cut.

As much as we would like to think that presenting the facts about a sale is analyzing data, it is not. Analysis is more than a statement that a property sold on such and such a date, for such and such a price. The analysis includes how that sale was positioned in the market at the time of transfer or sale. Was the sale at arm’s length? Was it a REO sale in need of a total overhaul? Was the sale under duress because of some need to sell? Was it one family member selling to another? We need to address why it sold for what it did in relation to what the current appraised or final sales price is. We must analyze the prior sale as well as the current contract, if applicable, and explain and report the results of the analysis or explain why it was not performed.

As markets are rarely static, we need to analyze the current market and any changes to the market since the prior sale. This analysis of the market, and how it has fluctuated, is a basis for part of the analysis of the prior sale in comparison to the current market value. Because of the requirement by the GSEs to use the Market Research and Analysis Form (1004MC), sometimes there are inadequate data within the report to support a trend which might otherwise help paint a picture of an increase (or decline). When there is inadequate data to adequately complete this form, there is nothing stating we cannot include additional information outside of the MC form.

Often, those who look to find fault with an appraisal turn to this section first, because sometimes appraisers do not analyze the data presented in the 1004MC. Boxes may be checked, boilerplate statements may be added, but the data analysis is not summarized. The appraiser knows the market and knows what is occurring, but did not add a summation of the analysis or trends that may be reflected in the data. Are foreclosures and short sales an issue in the market? Appraisers may click the box “yes” yet not report the impact of those foreclosures and short sales in the subject’s market. When analyzing the market conditions, analysis is not a “should,” but a “must.” As appraisers, we are often so busy and it may seem so self-evident, but six months or a year down the line it may be very difficult to remember precisely what was happening in the market at the time. This extra bit of communication of what we observed in the market at the time can be very helpful, not only to our clients, but to ourselves in the event of a challenge to our work, months or even years down the line.

This analysis of the market conditions is used when analyzing the prior sales of the subject, as well as all comparable sales. Currently Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac require a minimum 36-month sale and transfer history of the subject to effective date, and 12-months for all comparable sales since their most recent closed date. After September 14, 2015, the FHA requires 36-months for the subject and 36-months for all comparable sales. We are starting to see more ”flipping” again as the market has improved in many parts of the country. There are often examples of houses being purchased below market because they were in need of repair and then rehabbed or renovated, and resold.

Were any of the comparable sales sold previously below market value due to their condition and lack of modernization? Did these houses sell for a higher, similar or even lesser amount after improvement and is this consistent with the market conditions analysis? Sometimes this cannot be determined by looking back 12 or 36-months. Perhaps the comparable prior sale sold 40-months ago, but sold at a similar time as the subject’s prior sale. Would comparing that prior sale to its current sale further support the changing market conditions? Would it support the information presented in the Sales Comparison Approach to value? If the prior sale was a “trashed-out” REO sale and there are photos in the MLS, consider including a few of these photos, in addition to the narrative, as they can add needed support for the change. As appraisers, we may have to go beyond the minimum time and reporting requirements to accurately analyze the prior sales in order to develop credible assignment results.

Analyzing a Sale
How does one analyze a sale? The following is one simple example:
“Comparable sale 1 sold on 01/01/2015 after being exposed to the market for 7 days. It was bank owned, and in need of significant work, including replacement of all cabinetry, flooring, light fixtures and paint. It also needed a new roof and furnace. The water heater was in working order and the electric had previously been upgraded. The house was listed for sale for $99,000 and sold under a bidding war for $105,000. The purchaser of this property gutted what was remaining, replaced cabinetry, flooring, light fixtures and windows, as well as installed new siding, roof, and furnace. The entire interior was painted and the owner had the property staged for sale. It was offered for sale on 06/01/2015 for $225,000 and received three offers according to the listing agent. The house sold in 5 days on the market for $230,000 without concessions. The increase in price of $110,000 was partially related to the increasing market but in larger part due to the remodeling that took place in the interim.”

In this example, the appraiser analyzed the prior sale, then reported this information in the body of their appraisal report. This sale, which would have generated many questions, did not. The appraiser communicated their analysis in writing instead of only keeping notes in the work file. There was no need for questions by the appraisal reviewer, especially since MLS photos showing the prior and current condition were included in the report.

The Working RE story Supporting Market Conditions has one example of how to complete a market analysis outside of the 1004MC form. In short, if there are insufficient data points to provide any type of robust market analysis, include additional information supporting the position of how the market is changing or has changed, before the effective date of the report. Let the client know what has happened in the market since the prior sale of the subject as well as what has happened to the subject itself. Part of our jobs as appraisers is to help clients understand the market.

Should Do/Must Do
The appraiser’s job has changed dramatically in the past 10 years. We are under increased scrutiny by all parties in the mortgage industry as well as state regulators, attorneys and borrowers. Those of us still in the industry are paying for the sins of individuals who were part of various financial crimes, some even appraisers. Many of those who were guilty of these sins were not appraisers, yet many in the industry, the media, and the public insist on pointing the finger at us.

Some of the bad apples left the industry, by their own choice or through the encouragement of their state appraisal licensing boards. Because of this, what once was a “should,” has turned into a “must.” It is important to observe what is at the property and what is happening in the market, analyze that information, and provide at least a short summary of our analysis. Because of the massive amounts of information we are required to know and the constant changes that we see in the industry, sometimes we know much but don’t report enough. Sometimes we have to show our work. By showing our work and including our data analysis, objections and challenges of our reports will be a thing of the past. This is particularly the case related to prior sales of the subject property and the comparable sales included within the report.

Note, this originally appeared with WorkingRE 2.5 years ago, but the sentiment remains very much the same. This has been republished with their permission. Please visit the original at Here if interested.