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Rent versus buy?

Real estate social media shows a constant narrative about the benefits of owning a property versus renting. This brief synopsis addresses how this is not always true.

In real estate, it is location, location, location. What is true in one area may not be true in another, and renting is not always more expensive than owning. So many articles that compare ownership versus renting costs do not account for the necessary set-asides that have to be factored into homeownership. They do not address the flexibility of renting; meaning that if someone is still in an upward career trajectory, they may not want to be tied down to a property. They do not factor in what could happen if markets change and prices move downward. Of course, values could continue to rise and rents could continue to increase, so each person considering owning versus renting needs to consider their own unique needs, as do the professionals assisting them.

To make a comparison, look at the most recent rentals within a series of condominium complexes, and compare them with the most recent sales. The data is segmented into three different unit sizes and uses the rental cost versus the cost of ownership with a 20% down payment and 4.5% interest rate. Many buyers are not going to have the 20% down payment, so the cost would be higher, as the loan payment would increase not only by the amount of the mortgage, but with the added cost of private mortgage insurance (PMI).

The above table shows rents between $1,400 and $1,700 per month. The yellow highlighted properties are the ones that are compared to cost of ownership, as there were sales of the same models available in the same period.

The next chart shows the sales, with the stated homeowners association fees and monthly tax burden, plus what a 30-year, 4.5% interest rate mortgage at 80% loan to value would equate to. The “total” column is the mortgage plus taxes and HOA. Insurance is not factored in as it is variable. These stated taxes were largely incorrect however, as they were the seller’s taxes, not the taxes that the buyer would be paying once the property reset to the State Equalized Value as opposed to the lower Taxable Values.

Factoring in the reset to taxable values for the properties that were highlighted above shows a different scenario. In this scenario, the actual tax burden was added, plus a 10% set aside for repairs and upgrades, and a “true total” comparison made. Because the 1,126 sqft unit was renting for $1,500 per month, the difference is only $1 per month in savings. The 1,376 sqft units showed a better buffer of between $76 and $140 per month, but the larger 1,382 sqft unit would have been more expensive to purchase than rent.

It bears repeating that the data above factors 20% down payment, and not everyone who is looking at renting versus buying, has these resources. Not every situation is the same, and it is very important to look at each case individually to make comparisons between renting versus owning. Although national data can be enticing to make a case that one is better than another, it is not the case in every situation.

Consult your local professionals for advice related to what works best for your situation.

The boomerang

Condominium developments offer a perfect opportunity to measure what has occurred in the market over time. Ann Arbor has four condominium developments that are adjacent to each other, built in rapid succession between 1991 and 2000 by the same builder. They have largely similar floor plans and amenities. Although the properties within the developments vary somewhat, they are not too varied for comparison purposes. The only exception to this being properties that have attached garages. The units on that street were eliminated from the study to retain better consistency. In total, 506 sales were used to conduct this market study.

In short, this particular market has boomeranged and is now higher than it was at the apex pre-crash.

The Ann Arbor Area Board of Realtors MLS retains data robustly to 2005/06 at this point, but there is still information available online in some instances as early as 1998. Running a map search of the developments turned up sales as far back as 1998, which offered an ideal dataset to show trends in this market over a longer period of time than normal.

The data above shows that the number of listings retained do increase in 2005, but there were sufficient sales prior to that to show the run up in prices between 1998 and the peak around 2004 for these condominium units. The trend towards declining prices is clear by 2006, and the lowest point of the market is between 2010 and 2011.

If sales are arrayed by average and median price per year, the differences become much starker. Bear in mind, that the data up through 2002 was spotty, but trends can still be determined, showing the height of this market in 2004, starting a decline in 2005, and then rising again starting in 2012. The blue bar is the average price and orange bar the median prices. While the mortgage crises were largely said to have started in 2008, in the Ann Arbor market, the decline was evident much earlier, easily seen with the data below.

This is another example of why national trends cannot be used uniformly, and why each market has to be looked at on a local basis, even hyper-local. This is because condominium properties do not necessarily move at the same rate as single unit properties. Different price ranges may have different market trends, and different property types different market trends. Trends can also reverse quite quickly, therefore paying close attention to current activity is important.

There are currently 11 condominium units on the market in these developments, with three under contract. The average asking price of the units available is currently $200,025 while the median asking price is $196,950. The average asking price of the units under contract is $194,617 while the median is $194,000. This indicates preference to the lower prices in general.

What is particularly interesting in this data, is that only three of eleven are under contract, meaning the contract-to-listing ratio is 27.27%. That is stable market activity. In the past twelve months there were 30 sales (excluding the garage unit street), meaning that there were 2.5 sales per month, so the eight remaining units not under contract would be expected to absorb in 3.2 months, again a balanced market. The interesting piece of this puzzle is that the average sales price of these 30 sales was $202,037 and median sales price was $195,500, with list prices a fraction higher.

If the units that are under contract have lower asking prices than the previous twelve months sales, are we starting to see a shift occur again? After all, the properties on the market, and particularly those under contract, are leading indicators of where the market is going. Couple that with supply of over three months, and normal contract-to-listing ratios, and the market could be showing softness above the normal autumn slow-down.

Affordability in Chelsea Fairways

Affordability and rising prices

We have seen rapid price appreciation from recent market lows in 2007-10 in this particular submarket. Rising prices are great for sellers, but are they good for buyers? How do the increasing prices affect affordability?

Chelsea Fairways is a newer subdivision on the southeast side of Chelsea in Michigan. It has had a handful of developers active over the years, with the initial sales starting in 2002 and stalled around 2006 when the market slowed down locally. The final build out was completed in 2016 by a different builder, but throughout, the housing stock remained similar in quality and scope. Arraying the sales by price less concessions, it is easy to see how the bottom of this market was towards the 2008-10 period, with rapid increases from 2014 through 2017.

Other than completing the build-out of the development, not much has changed in the subdivision. The houses remain similar, the housing stock has aged somewhat, but the area is well maintained and continues to be a popular subdivision.

How do the increases in price affect affordability? We hear arguments about how the low interest rates made payments much lower, allowing buyers to stretch their housing dollars, but interest rates have been increasing slightly over the years based on the data found through Freddie Mac (see link below) which references historic interest rates by month.

One sale sold and resold a few times during this period, and is a good indicator about how payments would change over time with the hypothetical same buyer, with 20% down payment and prevailing interest rate for the time. In June 2012 the house sold for $226,200 and had taxes equivalent to $427 per month. Interest rates showed as 3.68% at that time. In May 2017 it sold for $335,000 and taxes of $493 per month. Interest rates showed at 4.01%. In July 2018 it sold for $359,000 and had taxes of $480 per month. Interest rates showed at 4.53%.

Based on the old rule of 28% housing-debt to income ratio, the following tables shows how the increasing interest rates and mortgage payment, increases the amount of income necessary to afford the same house. Although the 28% rule no longer applies, it is relevant in gauging changes in affordability. The same house purchased today would have an increase of almost $500 per month compared to six years ago. Does the typical buyer have the additional $500 per month to spend on mortgage payments, and would it affect the amount they could set aside for eventual needed repairs on the house? The increase in the properties sales price in six years was 58.71%. The rise in property payments over the same period was 54.25%. Have incomes increased over 50% in six years?

Of course, this example may be extreme, but since the sale was recent, and it sold several times over the past six years, it was germane. Interest rates rose, taxes declined slightly from the 2017 to 2018 period, making the payment a bit less than would otherwise be expected. In 2012, most of the houses sold were in the mid $200,000’s. There were a few REO sales that brought median and average lower, but the five non-distress sales had an average price of $236,274, therefore the sale used as a test was in the range of the others. In 2018 there were five sales with an average price of $372,300, also indicating an increase of over 57% in that same period.

Is this type of increase, coupled with the increasing interest rates and increasing taxes (for the most part) partly responsible for the current slowdown we are seeing? Is it just that we are entering a traditionally slower time of year? I do not have a crystal ball for the future, but throw out the question about affordability, since most people I know did not have a 50% increase in income over the past six years that would be what is needed to afford the same house.

Historic interest rates found through the following website:

http://www.freddiemac.com/pmms/pmms30.html

I am not “just” a residential appraiser

This article was originally posted in AppraisersBlogs (http://appraisersblogs.com/not-just-residential-appraiser) and I am resharing as it needs repeating. If you are searching for an appraiser to handle a residential assignment, look for someone with ample experience, who goes above and beyond the minimums related to education. There are countless appraisers out there who fit that bill, all you need to do is interview the appraiser about their education and experience related to the property, location, and intended use of the assignment.

I am not “JUST” a residential appraiser!

There is no doubt that moving to obtaining a certified general appraisal license opens doors to varied and interesting work. If it is in one’s capacity to obtain this level, it is a great idea. That said, the idea of being “just” a residential appraiser has got to stop. A good professional residential appraiser who studies the market, knows how to analyze and solve a problem, and can communicate effectively and succinctly, is a very valuable appraiser at that!

As professional residential appraisers, we constantly work at honing skills. We work at becoming better appraisers every day, realizing that learning never ceases if one is open to it. As professional residential appraisers, we exceed minimum qualifications and minimum education requirements. Many of us have earned designations that take significant study and testing. Many of us spend a lot of time, money, and resources honing our skills and trying to improve every day. We work with most people’s largest single assets, and we are aware of that. We must be aware of nuances in buyer preferences, and how they change and evolve. We must be very aware of what is happening in our markets and pay close attention to changes as they start to occur.

Homeowners hire us because they have a real need. They need to have someone who is independent, impartial, and objective help answer questions they have. They need someone who knows the market, knows how to analyze segments of the market, and who can present their findings in a way that makes sense and is usable, regardless of the opinion of value. Homeowners hire us to answer questions as varied as “what will this proposed addition add in terms of value” or “what will my value be after I split off five acres from my seven-acre tract of land” or “will it be cost effective for me to complete the list of improvements recommended by my REALTOR prior to listing my house for sale”? There is a myriad of reasons a homeowner would want to hire us directly to answer questions.

Attorneys hire us to answer questions as well. They might need to know what the value of a property was as of the date of a marriage in 1992, and what the current value is. They may need to hire us to address what a property would be worth if there was no construction defect, as well as with the defect indicated. They need someone who is not only independent, impartial and objective, but someone who is knowledgeable about retrospective valuation, or understands construction properly, and can complete a report based on both the as if value, and as is value.

As residential appraisers, we often come under extreme pressure. Pressure to ignore issues with a property, pressure to turn in assignments too quickly and to cut corners, pressure to meet sales prices that are too high, pressure to appraise lower than market value to accommodate some interest or another. For someone who is proud of their work ethic and quality, and is independent, impartial, objective and knowledgeable about the work they do and how to support it, we will never be “just” a residential appraiser. We will forever be standing up for doing our work the right way and not bending to pressures. This is the mark of a professional. This is the mark of someone who takes the profession seriously and understands how important our work is.

For those of us who treat being a residential appraiser seriously, and as a significant responsibility, we will never be “just” a residential appraiser. Think about that next time the word “just” crosses your mind. We must change this narrative from within. Be professional, be the best you can be. Be proud of being a residential appraiser. I know I am!